Reading 1

Question 1-10

At the dawn of the twentieth century.the”universe”meant the milky way; our galaxy,most astronomers,believed,encompassed all celestial bodies.by the time Edwin hubble died in 1953,our conceptof the cosmoshad changed dramatically.born in Missouri,hubble spent his adult life in southern california’s mountaintop observatories,measuring the distance to mysterious spiral nebulae,long believed to be clouds of gas,hubble soon esatablished that they were actually other galaxies.this discovery,while destroying accepted theories of the universe,was only the starof hubbie’spioneering research.as he systematicallyphotographedthe heavens and measuredthe distances between galaxies,hubble discovered that the universe was exploding outward,witheach more-distant galaxyhurtling away at proportionately greater sped.hubble’s concept of the expanding universe brought us closer to understanding the origins of the universe and laid the foundation on which modern astronomy builds.

1. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?

a. Hubble’s contribution to astronomy

b. Hubble’s conception of spiral nebulae

c. The infinite universe

d. Photographing the universe

2. At the beginning of the passage,the author uses the word “dawn” to refer to

a. A sudden inspiration

b. The beginning

c. The rising of the sun

d. A rosy glow

3. The word”encompassed” in line 2 could best be replaced by

a. Shared

b. Covered

c. Contributed

d. Provided

4. According to the passage,whch of the following had greatly changed by the time Edwin hubble died ?

a. The component of the universe

b. The behavior of the spiral nebulae

c. People’s ideas about the cosmos

d. Observatories’geographical locations

5. The word ‘dramatically’in line 4 is closest in meaning to

a. Diffidently

b. Considerably

c. Reasonably

d. Terribly

6. Hubble conducted most of his research while he was in

a. Missouri

b. California

c. South amerika

d. Outer space

7. The word’this” in line 7 refers to

a. Revealingspiral nebulae as other galaxies

b. Finding clouds of gas as spiral nebulae

c. Existing heavens between galaxies

d. The fact of universe exploding outward

8. According to the passage,the farther away a galaxy is from the earth,the

a. Faster it travels

b. Easier it is to measure

c. Earlier it will be destroyed

d. More it resembles the milky way

9. The word”systematically”is closest in meaning to

a. By using a certain method

b. By applying choronological display

c. By referring to scientific doctrines

d. By relating to public concerns

10. It can be inferred from the passage that spiral nebulae were considered”mysterious” because scientists

a. Could not explain why the clouds had a spiral shape

b. Could not see through thick clouds of gas

c. Wished to keep the nebule secret

d. Did not know what they really were